What to know about the October 2 eclipse in Patagonia

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Patagonia, both in Chile and Argentina, will be the epicenter of a unique astronomical spectacle this October 2 – an annular solar eclipse that will darken a large part of the region.
 
By Francisca Lopez Espinoza
 
 
This Wednesday, October 2, Patagonia will take center stage for viewing an annular solar eclipse. This spectacular astronomical event, popularly known as the "ring of fire," occurs when the moon is far enough away from the Earth in its orbit that it does not appear large enough to cover the entire sun, forming what looks like a glowing, bright circle in the sky. 
 
At places such as Perito Moreno and Patagonia Park, in Argentina, and Laguna San Rafael National Park, in Chile, a variety of eclipse-related activities are planned that are already attracting tourists, astronomers, and “eclipse chasers” from all over the world.
 
Thanks to the eclipse, Patagonia Park Argentina is opening its tourist season earlier than usual this year, already providing access to the trails and other facilities. “We went from snow to this event,” said Horacio Barbieri, communications coordinator for Rewilding Argentina, which manages the park. During the week of September 28 to October 3, the park is offering a special program of activities – such as hikes, educational talks, astronomical observation and bike tours – all geared toward astro-tourism. “We hope that tourists will come to enjoy the park with all its attractions; this is a very important opportunity to make the park more well known,” says Barbieri.
 
 
Patagonia Park, Argentina. Photo: Horacio BarbieriPatagonia Park, Argentina. Photo: Horacio Barbieri
 
 
Spanish astronomer Josep Masalles, famous for his vast experience studying eclipses around the world, will travel to Patagonia Park to guide the eclipse observation program there on October 2. Masalles will also give a talk on October 1 in Perito Moreno and lead an observation session in the park at the Planetarium and Astronomical Interpretation Center, which was recently inaugurated thanks to a donation from Argentine scientist Elsa Rosenvasser Feher.
 
"This eclipse offers a unique opportunity not only to enjoy a spectacular event, but also to raise awareness about the importance of science and the conservation of the night sky in places as special as Patagonia," Masalles said.
 
 
Planetarium and Astronomical Interpretation Center at Patagonia Park.Planetarium and Astronomical Interpretation Center at Patagonia Park.
 
 
An opportunity for scientific dissemination 
In addition to its impact on tourism, this eclipse is seen as a great opportunity to draw attention to issues that concern scientists, such as light pollution. “It is an opportunity to highlight the importance of taking care of our skies and to talk about light pollution, which is not a well-known topic, as well as other issues that, as astronomers, we consider vital to generate interest in science,” said Luis Chavarría, an astronomer and representative of the European Southern Observatory (ESO).
 
Eclipses are also used in scientific research to study the surface of the sun. For example, when the moon completely covers the sun, it makes it possible to observe the solar corona, a kind of “atmosphere of the sun” that is normally difficult to study because of its intense brightness. 
 
The annular eclipse, which occurs when the moon is farthest from the Earth in its elliptical orbit, leaves an edge of the sun visible, covering 85.5% of the sun’s surface and creating the famous "ring of fire." It will be visible in its entirety in specific regions of Patagonia, such as Aysén in Chile and the Santa Cruz provcince in Argentina. It will be completely visible at Easter Island off the coast of Chile. In other areas of Chile and Argentina, it will only be partially visible, with about 50% of the sun covered.
 
The eclipse will begin shortly before 1 p.m. and will last until 7 p.m. It will reach its peak at 3:45 p.m., at which time the moon will align with the sun to create the “ring of fire."
 
 
Annular solar eclipse path map for October 2, 2024. Photo: Timeanddate.comAnnular solar eclipse path map for October 2, 2024. Photo: Timeanddate.com
 
 
The next opportunity to observe a solar eclipse in the Patagonian region will be in February 2026, but the annular eclipse will only be visible from Antarctica and only 3.3% or less of the sun will appear covered by the moon from southernmost Argentina and Chile.
 
It is essential that you take precautions to watch the eclipse safely. Always use certified glasses but do not try to use eclipse glasses with cameras, binoculars, or telescopes. According to NASA, directly viewing any part of the bright sun through a camera lens, binoculars, or a telescope without a special-purpose solar filter attached to the front of the optics will instantly cause severe eye injury.